Abstract
Goal. To establish the influence of the genotype of winter wheat on the presence of Alternaria sp. in the seeds of winter wheat under different growing conditions, for different periods of time, among varieties from different original institutions of Ukrainian and foreign selection.
 Methods. Field — cultivation of wheat varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; organizational — collection of seed samples; laboratory — analysis of the mycoflora of winter wheat seeds by biological method on the PGA, determination of Alternaria fungi on the environment of the PCA; analytical and mathematical — analysis of the obtained results and their statistical comparison.
 Results. The study of the influence of the variety on the isolation of Alternaria fungi for their cultivation in different years for the period from 2011 to 2020 and in different growing conditions proved the existence of a significant difference in their total amount and number of individual species, especially dominant. Differences were noted in the presence of Alternaria sp. inside the seeds grown in two climatic zones (Polissya and Forest-Steppe), on farms and in experimental fields. Three-year observation of the species of these fungi on two varieties from one originator showed their different isolation: both the presence of certain representatives and the number of their isolation. Analysis of 9 and 17 genotypes of wheat of Ukrainian and foreign selection during 2019 and 2020 also showed a different picture of the population of Alternaria fungi.
 Conclusions. Significant influence of genotype on the selection of Alternaria sp. was installed. Based on several years of studying the population of winter wheat seeds with Alternaria fungi, genotypes with a smaller presence were identified: in 2013—2015 — Gordovyta variety, in 2019—2020 — Emil, Pylypivka. It should be borne in mind that fewer alternative fungi reduce the presence of their mycotoxins, but increase the number of other fungi in the mycoflora, sometimes more dangerous.
Highlights
The study of genotype culture for the selection of Alternaria fungi in most cases does not take into account a multifaceted approach: a small number of varieties for analysis, short study period (1—2 years), analysis of varieties of one originator, conclusions based on examination of samples grown only in scientific institutions
The study of the amount of seeds with Alternaria fungi of two varieties of wheat in the Polissya area for two years showed a significant difference in this indicator (Fig. 1)
The study of the influence of the variety on the isolation of Alternaria fungi for their cultivation in different years for the period from 2011 to 2020 and in different growing conditions showed a significant difference in their total amount and number of individual species, especially dominant
Summary
The study of genotype culture for the selection of Alternaria fungi in most cases does not take into account a multifaceted approach: a small number of varieties for analysis, short study period (1—2 years), analysis of varieties of one originator, conclusions based on examination of samples grown only in scientific institutions. In the seeds of winter wheat under different growing conditions, for different periods of time, among varieties from different institutions-originators of Ukrainian and foreign selections. Samples of wheat seeds were obtained both from farms of Sumy region and grown in the conditions of ESPC SNAU (Educational and Scientific Production Complex of Sumy National Agrarian University). The seed was washed for one hour under running water. It was kept in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 1—2 minutes for surface disinfection. Species of Alternaria were determined on a special medium (potato-carrot agar) by sporulation habit and morphology of conidia and conidiophores, features of colony formation [15, 16]
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