Abstract
Beryllium–tungsten and tungsten layers were deposited by thermionic vacuum arc technique in gaseous environments, in order to simulate the plasma–wall phenomena appearing during fusion device operation. In-depth x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations highlighted the chemical changes on (Be-W) and W systems subjected to different plasma environments similar to a fusion device: deuterium, neon, helium, nitrogen, and oxygen. The metallic feature among oxides of beryllium can be detected only for deuterium and neon plasma atmosphere. Tungsten displays only the metallic contribution for the mentioned plasmas, deuterium, and neon. Full oxidation state of tungsten (W6+) is found in Be-W system for nitrogen and oxygen plasma environment deposition and for W system in oxygen atmosphere. Finally, the nitrogen atmosphere has a protective behavior by increasing the metallic feature followed by a decrease in the W oxidation state, from 19.7% for oxygen plasma to 31.5% for nitrogen plasma and 14.0% to 6.6%, respectively.
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More From: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films
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