Abstract
The effectiveness of Cu 2+, Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ removal from solution by alum coagulation was measured with fulvic acid present and absent. A factorial experimental design and analysis of variance were used to determine the effect on metal ion removal of the individual variables pH, metal ion concentration, alum concentration and fulvic acid concentration and their combinations. The variable levels model water treatment plant conditions. Metal ion losses up to 96% for Cu 2+. 59% for Cd 2+ and 82% for Zn z+ were measured in the presence of fulvic acid. In its absence the maximum metal ion losses observed were 93%, 14% and 53% for Cu 2+, Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ respectively. Fulvic acid enhances metal ion removal under most experimental conditions. The practical implication of the results is that strong complexes between natural water organic matter and metal ions enhance their removal by the alum coagulation process.
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