INFLUENCE OF FEATURES OF WEIGHT GROWTH, AGE AND DIRECTION OF BREED PRODUCTIVITY ON BEEF QUALITY INDICATORS

Abstract

A comparative assessment of beef in the interbreed and age aspects of animals carried out. A specific difference in the beef quality from meat and dairy breeds raised in Kyiv and Cherkasy regions has been determined. The influence of different parameters of weight growth and slaughter age on the chemical composition of beef of 20-22-month-old bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy and meat breeds was established. The chemical composition of beef of young Ukrainian dairy and meat breeds has a significant difference. Meat bulls are inferior to dairy peers in terms of dry meat content (28.8 and 31.8%) and mineral content (5.9 times) and fat content (10.2 and 12.6 times). There is no difference in protein content between the groups. In the increasing the age of slaughter of young dairy and meat direction of productivity, the content of dry matter, minerals and fat does not change significantly. Only dairy animals at the age of 20 months have a higher protein content. Before the age of 22 months, animals of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed tend to increase their fat content with a slight reduction in protein. The weight of the animals before slaughter does not affect the chemical composition of beef. The dry matter content with an increase in actual live weight before slaughter has only a tendency to increase. There is no significant difference in protein, fat and mineral content. With faster growth of animals of both breeds, only the protein content in beef tends to increase, and the content of minerals - to decrease. The meat of bulls of the Ukrainian meat breed tends to increase in fat by 0.3 points as their growth increases. Comparison of chemical composition m. Longissimus dorsi of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy and beef cattle shows that the beef of the Ukrainian meat breed, which responds to satisfactory feeding with rapid growth of muscle tissue and late formation of adipose tissue, meets the market requirements the most. The biological feature of these cattle, in contrast to the dairy breed, is that the increase in their weight up to 20-22 months of age is mainly due to the accumulation of muscle tissue and moderate growth of adipose tissue. Beef from it should be considered a lenten, so it is in great demand. The accumulation of fat in the bulls of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed is somewhat intensified. The ratio of protein to fat at 20 months in bulls of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy is 1 to 0.29, while in Ukrainian meat - only 1 to 0.03