Abstract
Goal. To study the influence of selection of breeders of Montbeliard, Holstein, and Norwegian red breeds in herds of cows of Ukrainian red-spotted and black-spotted dairy breeds on the productivity of dairy cattle. Methods. Analysis of experimental research in the application of efficient breeding methods, theoretical analysis, formulation of hypotheses, genealogical, biometric and statistical methods, assessment of productive qualities of animals. Results. Higher milk yields were obtained from local first-born cows for the first 100 and 200 days of lactation: by 240 kg and 517 kg (P>0.999) from crossbreeds of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy and Montbeliard breeds; by 338 kg (P>0.99) and 883 kg (P>0.999) from crossbreeds of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed and Norwegian. Similarly, the predominance of mixtures as to the fat and protein content in milk was observed. Crossed first-born cows outnumbered purebred peers in terms of smaller service period — for 24 days (P>0.99) among crossbreeds of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy and Montbeliard breed; for 32 days (P>0.999) among crossbreeds of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed and Norwegian, the number of inseminations per 1 fertile (less than 1.4 times among crossbreeds of Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed and Montbeliard breed; and 1.69 times among crossbreeds of Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed and Norwegian), the safety of the number of first-born cows in the herd increased by 94.4 and 96.7%. Conclusions. Crossed first-borns obtained from the selection of breeders of Montbeliard and Norwegian red breeds outnumbered their peers obtained from Holstein bulls: by milk yield — on 324–425 kg (P>0.999), by fat content in milk — on 0.14–0.61% (P>0.95), and by protein — on 0.09–0.13%, by the coefficients of milk yield, constancy of lactation, reproductive capacity and safety of first-borns for the 1-st lactation.
Highlights
Milk productivity of first-born cows* P> 0.95; ** P> 0.99; *** P> 0.999 in comparison with purebred animals of the appropriate genotypes (to tabl 1 and 2)
The world has successfully implemented programs to cross the Holstein breed with animals of Ayrshire, Swedish red, Danish red, Jersey and Swiss breeds, which demonstrate a high level of productivity and quality of milk, productive longevity and reproduction [1]
According to foreign researchers, a slight loss of milk yield of hybrid animals compared to purebred Holsteins is compensated by a decrease in the proportion of problem calves, the number of stillborn calves, shortening the service period, increasing the safety of calves and cows during the first lactation. milk quality, protein and fat content [3, 4]
Summary
* P> 0.95; ** P> 0.99; *** P> 0.999 in comparison with purebred animals of the appropriate genotypes (to tabl 1 and 2). The milk yield coefficient, which reflects the efficiency of the animal's body, among the first-born Ukrainian red and white and black and white dairy breeds was 9.18 ± 0.012 - 9.38 ± 0.021; mixtures of genotype 1/2RW1/2M 10,47 ± 0,012, genotype 1/2BW1/2NR 10,32 ± 0,025. The index of completeness of lactation, which indicates the degree of realization of the potential of animals for milking was higher in the first-born Ukrainian black and white and red and white dairy breeds: 82.8 ± 0.20% and 82.4 ± 0.71%. This gives grounds to claim that the potential of the first-born genotypes 1/2URW1/2M and 1/2UBW1/2NR was not fully realized. When using Norwegian red bulls, the lowest percentage of offspring stillbirth was obtained - 0.9%
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