Abstract
Ice nucleation microphysical processes are identified to be of high importance in forecasting the magnitude of the Earth’s climate change. The environmental conditions often influence the ice nucleation processes in the Earth’s atmosphere. We herein study the impact of various environmental conditions on FeHg (maghemite–Hg2Cl2 composite), a highly efficient ice nucleating particle with similar freezing point to the best inorganic ice nuclei, AgI. FeHg is formed from FeCl2·4H2O and HgCl2, which are observed in the environment, in contrast to AgI, which is rarely found. The ice nucleation efficacy remained unchanged for FeHg under ambient conditions for a long duration. To mimic the atmosphere, we performed a series of experiments using a suite of complementary techniques, at various levels of radiation intensity, temperature, and pH for FeHg. Experiments were also performed in the presence of atmospheric pollutants, such as ozone (in the presence or absence of light), as well as nine emerging metal oxides ...
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