INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF WHITENING ON THE STRUCTURE OF HARD TISSUES OF TEETH

Abstract

Nowadays 74% of people believe that an imperfect smile has a negative impact on their careers, and 92% believe that it is one that contributes to success in their personal lives. The desire of patients to have an aesthetically perfect smile has always aroused great interest from dentists and has led to the active development of such a trend in aesthetic dentistry, such as teeth whitening. The color of the crowns of teeth and the inherent color characteristics play an important role in the perception of the appearance of the person, the formation of his image and self-esteem. Therefore, they affect the quality of life of a person due to his dental health. There are 5 main treatments for altered teeth: microabrasion, teeth whitening, direct restoration of composites, veneering, restoration of ceramic and metal-ceramic crowns. In recent years, conservative treatments, which include different types of whitening, have been favored to achieve maximum aesthetic results in the correction of altered teeth. For whitening, a considerable number of different remedies are offered that allow the tooth color to change relatively quickly. Nowadays, the world of dental practice is increasingly paying attention to the development of more cost-effective methods that meet the aesthetic needs of patients. The most common procedure for improving the color of the crowns of teeth today is whitening, which does not affect the reduction of the volume of hard tissues of the tooth. Teeth whitening is a restoration of the natural color of the teeth with the application of a chemical agent that oxidizes the organic pigments of the hard tissues of the tooth. Bleaching process is possible due to the ability of the active chemical components ( carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide) to penetrate into enamel and dentin to all parts of the tooth. These substances break down into oxygen radicals, which destroy the colored pigments, the formation of which leads to discoloration of the teeth. The structure of the tooth does not change. Nowadays, home, professional and combined teeth whitening are widely used. The effect of bleaching is analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Most studies did not report significant changes in the surface morphology of enamel after bleaching with low concentrations of urea peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, studies evaluating the effects of higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (35%) and carbamidee peroxide (35%) have also reported no significant changes in the morphology of the enamel surface. In general, it is obvious that tooth sensitivity is a common clinical side effect after a teeth whitening procedure. However, the sensitivity is transient and disappears shortly after the bleaching procedure has been stopped.