Influence of Dietary Vitamin A and Iron Deficiency on Hematologic Parameters and Body Weight of Young Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Micronutrient deficiency is one of the most prominent public health concerns; in particular, vitamin A and iron are determinants of appropriate development, and vitamin A influences iron homeostasis and metabolism. Here we compared the effects of diets that were sufficient and insufficient in vitamin A and iron on the hematologic parameters and body weight of rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 dietary groups (n = 7 per group): adequate in iron and vitamin A (control); adequate in iron but low in vitamin A (FesvAi); adequate in iron but lacking vitamin A (FesvAd); low in iron but adequate in vitamin A (FeivAs); and low in both iron and vitamin A (FeivAi). After 6 wk, rats showed significant differences in serum iron relative to the control diet (control, 256 ± 44 μg/dL; FesvAi, 220± 16 μg/dL; FesvAd, 181 ± 15 μg/dL; FeivAs, 131 ± 44 μg/dL; FeivAi, 75 ± 19 μg/dL). Rats on iron-deficient diets showed reduced Hgb values relative to the control diet (control, 15.9 ± 0.7 g/dL; FeivAs, 13.2 ± 1.6 g/dL; FeivAi, 12.9 ± 1.0 g/dL), MCV (control: 57 ± 10 fL; FeivAs, 48 ± 10 fL; FeivAi, 44 ± 3 fL), and Hct (control, 53% ± 2%; FeivAs, 44% ± 5%; FeivAi, 42% ± 8%). All of the experimental dietary groups showed significant differences in reticulocyte count when compared with the control group (control, 2.7% ± 2.2%; FesvAd, 0.6% ± 0.2%; FesvAi, 0.3% ± 0.1%; FeivAs, 1.2% ± 0.2%; FeivAi, 0.6% ± 0.5%). The mean difference in body weight for the experimental groups, relative to the control group, was 30 ± 10 g. These results suggested that, in young male Wistar rats, both iron and vitamin A are essential to cause increases in body weight and various hematologic parameters.