Influence of desiccation during freeze-thaw cycles on volumetric shrinkage and tensile strength of compacted clayey soils

Abstract

Tensile strength is a crucial mechanical property that governs the initiation and propagation of soil tensile cracks. With the global prevalence of warming effects and extreme climatic events, the recurrent freeze-thaw (F-T) cycles intensify the complex evolutions of soil pore structure and tensile strength in regions with widespread seasonal freezing or permafrost active layers. This study investigates the combined influence of F-T cycles and desiccation on the tensile strength of clayey soils. Specimens with varying compaction water contents (14.5%, 16.5%, and 18.5%) and dry densities (1.5 Mg/m3, 1.6 Mg/m3, and 1.7 Mg/m3) were prepared and subjected to cyclic F-T actions. A direct tensile test apparatus was utilized to measure tensile strength (σt) along the desiccation path. Additionally, the changes in void ratio (e) and suction (s) during F-T cycles were analyzed to understand the mechanism behind the changes in σt. Experimental results reveal that as the number of F-T cycles (N) increases, water content (w) declines at a decreasing rate and eventually stabilizes. With increasing N, the tensile displacement at failure and σt show a pattern of initially decreasing and subsequently rising, with the inflection point typically around 1.5%–2.0% lower than the compaction water content (w0). Under a few F-T cycles, soils compacted at the optimum water content and on the wet side exhibit higher void ratio and lower suction and σt compared with dry-side compacted soils. However, this trend reverses with further increasing N. In addition, σt increases as compaction dry density (ρd0) rises within all water content ranges, primarily attributed to the significant interparticle cohesion controlled by a dense pore structure. The variation of σt under F-T and associated desiccation is linked with the microstructural evolution characterized by aggregates, interaggregate pores and water-bridges. It is recommended to compact soils both on the dry side of the optimum water content and at the maximum dry density to enhance the freeze-thaw resistance of earth-works in seasonally frozen regions.