Influence of crops mineral nutrition on the biometric indicators of grain sorghum formation

Abstract

The study of the elements of grain sorghum cultivation technology, in particular, the application of mineral fertilizers, is one of the main promising tasks, which will contribute to the formation of high crop productivity. The article shows the results of studies on the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers on the the growing season duration, feld germination and biometric indicators of sorghum plants of grain varieties Dniprovsky 39 and Vinets in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The studies were carried out in 2016–2020 in the conditions of the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences – the zone of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It was found that the use of fertilizers at a dose of N30P30K30 and N60P60K60 increased the duration of the growing season of grain sorghum plants by 1–2 days compared to the control, and at a dose of N90P90K90 and N120P120K120 by 2–3. At the calculated dose of fertilizers, the growing season was the shortest and amounted to 114 days for the Dniprovsky variety 39 and 112 days for the Vinets variety. The greatest influence on the feld germination of seeds in the years of research was exerted by weather conditions – 27.1 % and fertilizers – 13.2 %, and the degree of influence of varieties was much less 9.5 %. The results of the correlation-regression analysis reveal a strong relationship between the stem diameter and plant height, as well as between the leaf surface area and plant height. It was found out that with the application of maximum doses of fertilizers (N90P90K90 and N120P120K120) and the estimated (N50P40K70) received the maximum growth and development of plants, so it is advisable to apply the estimated dose of fertilizers below the planned yield, which will reduce production costs. Key words: varieties, fertilizers, feld similarity, plant height, leaf area.