Influence of concentration and ratio of macro elements in culture medium on the regeneration of grape meristemsin vitro

Anton Rebrov,E Egorov,I Ilina,N Zaporozhets

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20202505005

Abstract

The results of studies on the development of culture medium for initiation grape meristems into in vitro culture in order to increase their regenerative capacity during recovery from chronic diseases are presented. In the improved medium, in comparison with analogs, the total content of macro salts was reduced and their ratio was optimized, taking into account their consumption and the characteristics of their absorption from the nutrient solution by the grape plant. In the course of testing the new culture medium, its effectiveness has been established for grape varieties from various ecological and geographical groups. A higher and more stable percentage of survival and regeneration of extremely small meristems have been established against the background of various modifications of the recipe for the traditionally used culture medium of Murashige and Skoog.

Highlights

Initiation to the culture medium in vitro is a very complex, laborious and responsible operation
In the mineral basis of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium, there is a large imbalance towards N, K and Cl relatively to other elements; wherein a lot of nitrogen is represented by the ammonium form (NH4), while plants prefer the nitrate form (NO3), NH4 remains in the medium when NO3 is absorbed, and upon absorption of Ca from CaCl2, a lot of not assimilated Cl remains, all of this contributes to the acidification of the nutrient medium
All of the above determined the goal of our research to develop and test a nutrient medium formulation that would lack the inherent disadvantages of the MS culture medium, which would contribute to the improvement of the regeneration of the grapes meristems of extremely small sizes

Summary

Introduction

Initiation to the culture medium in vitro is a very complex, laborious and responsible operation. Researchers have developed biotechnological techniques, the basis of which is the creation of special sterile conditions (in vitro), for the cultivation of isolated explants on an artificial nutrient medium Such an environment contains all the basic nutrients necessary for plants, macro and microelements, a carbon source (most often sucrose), some vitamins and amino acids, but phytohormones play a special role in it. In order to absorb the elements dissolved in it, a plant needs to overcome an osmotic pressure of about 2.5 atm., in case of initiation into culture medium; this is not a plant, but an extremely small area of the apical meristem In addition to this disadvantage, it is necessary to point out the unbalanced ratio of macronutrients, taking into account their needs for grape plants. All of the above determined the goal of our research to develop and test a nutrient medium formulation that would lack the inherent disadvantages of the MS culture medium, which would contribute to the improvement of the regeneration of the grapes meristems of extremely small sizes

Materials and methods

МS control

Findings

Conclusion