Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different toothpastes on dental enamel subjected to an erosive cycle with and without exposure to cigarette smoke. Bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated into 12 groups (n = 12). For the in vitro simulation of smoking, half the groups underwent an exposure cycle of 20 cigarettes per day for 5 days. Subsequently, all groups were subjected to a 5-day erosion cycle intercalating demineralization (1 min; 1% citric acid; pH = 3.5) and treatment with toothpaste slurries (2 min) of NaF, SnF2, F/Sn/Chitosan, F/CaSiO3/Na3PO4, and F/bioactive glass. The control group was immersed in distilled water. Surface microhardness (SMH) was measured initially, after exposure to smoke, and after the erosive cycle, and %SMH was calculated. At the end of the experimental cycle, surface roughness, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed. SMH increased after exposure to cigarette smoke (p < 0.05). After the erosive cycle, there were no differences between the presence and absence of cigarette smoke exposure in SMH and roughness (p > 0.05). Besides increasing enamel SMH, cigarette smoke did not prevent enamel loss after the erosion cycle (p < 0.05). In profilometry, roughness and surface loss had the lowest values in the groups treated with SnF2 and F/Sn/Chitosan (p < 0.05). AFM showed lower mineral loss with F/CaSiO3/Na3PO4 and F/Sn/Chitosan. For all groups, except F/CaSiO3/Na3PO4, cigarette smoke resulted in higher enamel wear. F/Sn/Chitosan showed the best results against erosion.
Highlights
Dental erosion is a condition in which non-bacterial acids cause demineralization of dental hard tissues.[1]
F/Sn/chitosan and F/CaSiO3/Na3PO4 showed the highest Surface microhardness (SMH), without significant differences between them (p > 0.05). %SMH2 was statistically different from %SMH1, after higher enamel loss was found from erosive challenge (p < 0.05). %SMH1 did not significantly differ among treatments (p > 0.05) but did between presence and absence of cigarette smoke exposure (p < 0.05). %SMH2 was the same as %SMH3 in toothpaste effectiveness and significantly differed between presence and absence of cigarette smoke exposure for Sn-based toothpastes (p < 0.05)
Cigarette smoking may be considered a modulator of dental erosion by causing superficial changes in the enamel
Summary
Dental erosion is a condition in which non-bacterial acids cause demineralization of dental hard tissues.[1] acid contact is the main cause of erosion, its development involves a complex interaction among biological, chemical, and behavioral factors in each patient.[1] A common behavioral factor is smoking. The smoking by itself does not cause dental erosion, often associated with consumption of acidic beverages[1,2] that influences the development of dental erosion.[1]. Smoking cigarettes is often accompanied with prolonged consumption of acidic drinks, such as alcoholic beverages[2]. Excessive alcohol intake is associated with a high prevalence of erosion because of the direct effect
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