Influence of chemicalization levels on productivity and grain quality of zoned spring wheat varieties in Pre-Baikal area

Abstract

The article has shown the dependence of the yield value and grain quality indicators (protein, gluten, hardness, test weight) of six zoned varieties of spring wheat on the use of different levels of chemicalization (the control without fertilizers and herbicides, herbicides, fertilizers at the rate N60P60K60 kg of active substance per hectare, fertilizers at the rate N60P60K60 kg of a.s./ha + herbicides). The research objectives included the identification of differences in grain yield and quality indicators between spring wheat cultivars according to the options of the field trials conducted in 2016-2019. It was found that under conditions of insufficient moisture during vegetation periods of the mentioned years, different varieties showed unequal results both in yield amount and grain quality. The cultivar Buryatskaya ostistaya proved to be the most productive and provided the grain output 2.70-3.29 t/ha depending on a level of chemicalization, but in protein and gluten content it was inferior to other varieties. In protein content, the cultivars Novosibirskaya 15 and Iren had the best values. At different levels of chemicalization their protein content was 16.0-18.6 %. In gluten amount, the best varieties were Novosibirskaya 15 – 36.1-39.9 % depending on a chemicalization level and Iren – 40.8 % on the background of fertilizers with herbicides. As for the indicator of kernel hardness, the best cultivar – Yunata 54.7-58.1 %. The share of a cultivar influencing the protein content in grain was 75.2 %; the gluten amount – 71.2 %; the kernel hardness – 85.4%; the natural weight of grain – 87.4. The low share of the influence of the chemicalization factor on the quality indicators of grain can be explained by arid conditions in the years of the research.