Abstract
Biodiesel, derived from renewable biomass, serves as a sustainable alternative to diesel produced from fossil fuels. This study explores the use of nanostructured MgO/Ca2Mn3O8 catalysts for biodiesel production through transesterification. Ca2Mn3O8 was synthesized as a support catalyst via combustion synthesis, employing carbon templates to control pore size. MgO was impregnated as the active phase using ultrasonic irradiation to enhance particle dispersion. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FESEM, AFM, TEM, EDX, BET-BJH, and TPD-CO2, were utilized to analyse morphology, porosity, basicity, and active phase dispersion. The use of carbon templates increased pore diameters compared to catalysts without templates, while ultrasonic irradiation improved MgO dispersion. The MgO/Ca2Mn3O8 catalyst with a 10 wt% carbon template and ultrasonic irradiation achieved a maximum conversion rate of 95.5%. Its mesoporous structure, resembling a sponge, facilitated triglyceride diffusion. Stability tests indicated a 90% conversion rate after five reuses. The nanostructured MgO/Ca2Mn3O8 catalyst, with its tailored porosity and structure, demonstrated excellent performance in biodiesel production. Systematically adjusting support porosity and active site dispersion provides a viable approach for designing effective heterogeneous catalysts.
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