Abstract
The transfer characteristics of a nanocrystalline diamond (NCD)-based solution-gated field effect transistor (SGFET) under the influence of inorganic and organic compounds were studied. Studied compounds included three different buffer solutions (Phosphate, HEPES, McIlvaine buffer) and commonly used culture media (fibronectin, albumin and fetal bovine serum). It was found that buffers with the same pH of 7.4 caused different voltage shifts in transfer characteristics. This effect was reversible which indicates the surface stability of the hydrogen-terminated diamond during repeated measurements. In contrast to this observation, the SGFET sensitivity decreased after applying the culture solutions which we attribute to the permanently adsorbed bio-layer formed on the SGFET channel sensing area.
Highlights
Development of cell sensitive biosensors is a relatively young science discipline
The active sensor area of solution-gated field effect transistor (SGFET) was realised by hydrogen-terminated nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) thin film which exhibits subsurface p-type conductive channel
It should be noted that the gate voltage shifts refer to the voltage measured for deionized water (DIW ref)
Summary
Development of cell sensitive biosensors is a relatively young science discipline. Its evolution in recent years is closely tied to the development of technology, especially the integration and miniaturisation of electronic components. Sensors of cell cultures and tissues place considerable emphasis on chemical inertness, surface morphology and non-invasiveness of the sensing material, all of which are included in the term of biocompatibility. A new generation of carbon-based bio-electronic devices based on p-type surface conductive thin films was developed. Solution-gated field effect transistors (SGFETs) based on carbon nanotubes for direct detection of Heroin metabolites were developed [1]; or graphene coatings were widely studied for pH [2], DNA or glucose sensing applications [3]. Last but not least carbon material, a diamond film opened new perspectives in the field of tissue engineering, prosthetics and microbiology. Multiple studies of diamond SGFETs have carried out regarding their pH or ion sensitivity [5] and ongoing effect at the protein-diamond interface [6]. Such measurements are essential for the complex studies of mammalian cell culture apoptosis, whereas unclear sensor responses may occur during the cell necrosis
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