Abstract
The annual range of temperature and the annual precipitation are major climatic factors affecting the biota and soil biological activity of arid areas of the South of the European part of Russia (chernozems, chestnut and brown semidesert). The coefficient of correlation between climatic parameters and humus content, the enzymatic activity of arid soils is very high and is from -0.90 to -0.93, for example, for the coefficient of continentality (according to Zenker). The values of the integral index of biological state (IIBS) of soil decrease with increasing degree of continentality in series: chestnut → light-chestnut → brown semidesert soils. Changes in IIBS between the extreme points for surface horizons are more than 40%.
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