РОЛЬ ВИСОКОГІРНИХ ФІТОЦЕНОЗІВ У ФОРМУВАННІ ФІЗИКО-ХІМІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ГІРСЬКО-ЛУЧНО-БУРОЗЕМНИХ ҐРУНТІВ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ

Abstract

Purpose . In the treeless subalpine zone, called “polonyny”, thousands of years ago have grown forests. During this time the sod process of soil formation greatly influenced the soils, that previously formed under forests. In the process of transformation of brownsoils in a mountain meadow soil a determining influence had changing of vegetation. Qualitative changes in the morphological structure and quantitative changes in physical and chemical properties took place to changing plant communities. Object of research is brown mountain-meadow soils of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the subject – physicochemical properties, formed under different plant associations. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of different subalpine plant communities on the formation of the physicochemical characteristics of brown mountain-meadow soils of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Data & Methods . It was carried out detailed soil and botanical research within the mountain-meadow zone, using work done by I. Gogolev, V. Kanivets, P. Pasternak, O. Helevera and others. We laid the experimental plot within Pozhyzhevska polonyna (the Chornogora array), thus making the abiotic factors of soil forming the equal, and compared physicochemical properties of soils formed under different plant associations. Using conventional methods were identified: pH (KCl); hydrolytic acidity; the amount of absorbed bases; total humus; mobile Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; absorbed cations: Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminum and Hydrogen. Results. The distribution of vegetation is determined by the full range of abiotic and biotic factors. But in identical hydrothermal treatment area leading role played by aggregate of physical, chemical and physicochemical characteristics of the soil that directly characterize conditions of life support of plants. Physicochemical indicators are the most variable. Biotic factors of soil forming (composition and productivity of plant communities) are the most important, on condition leveling of hydrothermal regime, that allows to investigate the effect of vegetation on soil formation. The common feature of brownsoils, formed as under grass and under shrub plantformations of subalpine krummholz, is the increased acidity of soil solution and as a consequence – low degree of saturation of bases. Determined that the concentration of main nutrients plants in brown mountain-meadow soils, such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in similar abiotic factors are determine by the acid-base properties of soils. There is a clear pattern in the soils formed under different plant associations of acidity and content of Phosphorus and Potassium; pattern between indicators of humus and Nitrogen content. Soils formed under plant associations of sytnyka tryrozdilʹnoho (Juncus trifidus L.) and shchuchnyka dernystoho (Deschampsia caespitosa) characterized by the highest humus content and the highestrates of mobile Nitrogen content, and relatively lower indicators of of exchange and hydrolytic acidity by more absorbing complex consisting of divalent cations Calcium and Magnesium. Soils formed under plant associations of yalivtsya sybirsʹkoho (Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.) and sosny hirsʹkoyi (Pinus mugo) are characterized by the lowest indicators of humus content and the highest rates of exchange and hydrolyticacidity, due to the predominance of trivalent cations of Aluminum in the absorbing complex.