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Abstract
The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.
Highlights
The present situation of housing—one of the basic human needs—is understood as a social and economic stimulus for the development of each family
Theand cause andrelationships effect relationships between tween the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (which is treated the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement housesconditions) and the size of the process of the expression of their maintenance and the technical size of the technical process of the wear of these elements were determined on a representative and purposefully selected wear of these elements were determined on a representative and purposefully selected sample of tenement houses that were erected in the secondinhalf the nineteenth early and early sample of tenement houses that were erected the of second half of theand nineteenth twentieth centuries in centuries the “Downtown”
The paper concerns residential buildings dated from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, which are part of the downtown development of Wroclaw, and which can be seen as an essential link in the process of shaping the cultural and social microenvironment of man
Summary
The present situation of housing—one of the basic human needs—is understood as a social and economic stimulus for the development of each family. It is determined by the influence of cultural, political, and technical factors of the period, which largely corresponds to the average life expectancy of one generation [1]. The intensive development of housing in the 20th century resulted almost exclusively from conducted investment works. The value of renovation works in Poland was at the level of 1–2% in relation to newly erected building objects [2], while in Western. The share of renovation works in the total construction production was equal to 40–50% [3,4]. Social, and economic need to renew old housing began to be noticed in the nineties, the negligence that goes back many years was not fully compensated for until today [5]
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