Abstract
Shoot tips of Amelanchier were grown on Murashige & Skoog (MS) or Woody Plant (WP) medium containing 4.4 μM benzyladenine and 4, 6 or 8% Difco Bactoagar. Increasing agar concentration reduced culture fresh weight, dry weight, and vitrification, but increased tissue nitrate concentrations. The number of shoots produced per culture was unaffected by agar concentration. Overall, response to agar additions was similar for shoots on both WP and MS salts, although the magnitude of the response may have differed. Amelanchier shoots cultured on WP medium containing 4% agar and 10.5, 15.5, 20.9 or 25.5 mM nitrate showed a linear increase in culture fresh weight, culture dry weight, number of shoots per culture and number of vitrified shoots per culture as medium nitrate concentration increased. Nitrate and total nitrogen content of explants also increased linearly with increasing medium nitrate concentration. Although vitrification has been previously ascribed to elevated ammonium concentrations in culture media, it is possible that elevated medium and tissue nitrate levels may also play a role in vitrification.
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