Influence of a Commercial Biological Fungicide containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 on Dissipation Kinetics and Degradation of Five Herbicides in Two Types of Soil.

Ewa Szpyrka,Magdalena Słowik-Borowiec,Bartosz Piechowicz,Grzegorz Siebielec,Aneta Zwolak,Magdalena Podbielska

doi:10.3390/molecules25061391

Ewa Szpyrka, Magdalena Słowik-Borowiec + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061391

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Abstract

Biological crop protection is recommended to be applied alternately or together with chemical one, to protect human health from the excessive use of toxic pesticides. Presence of microorganisms can influence the concentration of chemical pollutants in soil. The aim of this study is to estimate the influence of a commercial biological fungicide containing Trichoderma harzianum Rifai T-22 on dissipation kinetics and degradation of five herbicides belonging to different chemical classes: clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and propyzamide, in two types of soil. Results of the study revealed that T. harzianum T-22 influences pesticide degradation and dissipation kinetics of the non-persistent herbicides: clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, and metribuzin. In soil with a higher content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter, degradation increased by up to 24.2%, 24.8%, and 23.5% for clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, and metribuzin, respectively. In soil with lower organic content, degradation was on a low level, of 16.1%, 17.7%, and 16.3% for clomazone, fluazifop-P-butyl, and metribuzin, respectively. In our study, the addition of the biological preparation shortened herbicide dissipation half-lives, from 0.3 days (2.9%) for fluazifop-P-butyl, to 18.4 days (25.1%) for clomazone. During the degradation study, no significant differences were noticed for pendimethalin, belonging to persistent substances. Biological protection of crops can modify pesticide concentrations and dissipation rates. On one hand, this may result in the reduced effectiveness of herbicide treatments, while on the other, it can become a tool for achieving cleaner environment.

Highlights

Pesticides are substances used worldwide, especially in the plant production, to combat weeds, pests, and diseases, and thence to increase the yield
In experiment 1, the initial values found for the herbicides were higher, and this can be associated with soil 1 properties and higher sorption of pesticides
Pesticide dissipation was described by exponential equations of first-order kinetics, in which the initial concentration does not affect the half-life [25,26]

Summary

Introduction

Pesticides are substances used worldwide, especially in the plant production, to combat weeds, pests, and diseases, and thence to increase the yield. After fulfilling their task, a majority of pesticides remain in plants, soil, and other components of the environment, and can be uptaken by a consumer, mainly with food or water [1,2]. In 2015, 36 microorganisms were approved for the use in pest control in the EU [4] This small share of biological methods results from a fact that biopesticides are usually less effective than chemical pesticides, and their application is more complicated [5]

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