Abstract
12Cr1MoV is commonly used for pressure pipes in thermal power plants. However, its service life has always prevented the development of such metallic materials. This experiment applies a tensile and impact experiment to investigate the metal cluster of 12Cr1MoV low-alloy and heat-resistant steel with 60,000 h service at 550 °C. Results indicate that, after 60,000 h of high-temperature exposure, the metal cluster of Cr, Mo, and V elements may gradually decrease. First, the decreasing elements will precipitate out of the solid solution. Then, the precipitated elements transform into carbides that accumulate and grow on the grain boundaries. The continuous growth of the precipitated carbide of alloy elements may also create pearlite in the cluster, which results in severe pearlite periodization and tensile fracture due to plastic, through-crystal fracture. Then, the solid solution-strengthened tissue disappears, which severely decreases the thermal strength of 12Cr1MoV low-alloy and heat-resistant steel. At the same time, the brittleness of the steel will increase. The end of life of the metal occurs after 60,000 h of high-temperature use at 550 °C. This result may also provide a basis for future life assessment of 12Cr1MoV steel.
Highlights
As industries develop increasingly complex processes, metal industrial pipes are developed to last longer under higher temperatures and pressures
Since the ASME standard only specifies the elemental content of P11, the results of this test refer to the Chinese standard (GB5310-2008) for the elemental content of the steel grade 12Cr1MoV
Carbide roughening as a microstructural parameter can be used to explore the high and complex non-linear relationships between various factors, with different microstructural images of carbide roughening in 12Cr1MoV steel samples at different high-temperature service times
Summary
As industries develop increasingly complex processes, metal industrial pipes are developed to last longer under higher temperatures and pressures. Between 1950 and 1960, thermal power plants often used Q235 steel for steam pipes that operate at temperatures of about 270 ◦C. Between 1960 and 1980, most thermal power plants used Cr-Mo steel for steam pipes at temperatures of about 400 ◦C. Between 1980 and 2000, most thermal power plants used Cr-Mo-V steel for steam pipes that operate at about 530 ◦C [1]. Manufacturers in China increased chromium content by 1% to improve the thermal strength of 12CrMoV steel. As a result, this is the steel grade that is widely used in Chinese power station boiler components such as steam pipes, where steam parameters do not exceed 540 ◦C
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