Abstract
The mouth is a natural reservoir of several microorganisms resulting from various ecological determinants, being conducive to contagion, as it is an open system for contamination, to which the oral health team is exposed. This microbiota, in general, is in harmony with the host and is quite relevant, as it contributes to the development of the mucous immune system. However, local and/or systemic changes can result in imbalance and clinical manifestation of diseases in the mouth, as reported in this chapter, about coronavirus, hepatitis, herpes, varicella-zoster, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, ebola, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Oral hygiene is essential to maintain harmony between normal oral microbiota and external contamination, and, as is known, the mouth is part of the digestive and respiratory system and, in this moment of the lethal and quite contagious SARS-VOC 2 pandemic, the dental practice needs to reinforce biosafety care and reduce the vulnerability of staff and patients, in order to favor the good practices of home dental care, outpatient and/or hospital assistance.
Highlights
Viral infections are quite common and account for thousands of deaths worldwide, every year (DIAS, 2017) [11]
The first defense against the virus is the innate immune response, where the cells infected by the virus form the Type I Interferons and, when interacting with an uninfected cell, defend it from infection and contribute to the adaptive immune response
Another way for Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) to act against viral infections is by activating macrophages and Natural Killer (NK) cells, which release cytokines, such as granzyme and perforin, and eliminate infected cells
Summary
Viral infections are quite common and account for thousands of deaths worldwide, every year (DIAS, 2017) [11]. In diseases such as Hepatitis B, the antibody is of fundamental importance, as it protects against viral infection when it comes to a host previously surface, such as: the folic acid receptor, integrins, lectin type C, Tim-I, and TAM (SOUZA, 2015) [36] Infections such as those caused by the herpes coronavirus family have been discovered since virus are capable of infecting different types of 1937. After coupling the virus to the host important focus of viral and bacterial infection cell, the RNA of the viral genome is released in (DIAS, 2017) [11] Because of these the cytoplasm, initiating its replication cycle characteristics, oral health professionals are (CHEN; LIU; GUO, 2020) [7]. (CARRERAS-PRESAS et al, 2020) [6]
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