Abstract
Ponded infiltration processes occur in agricultural lands irrigated by flooding of their soil surface or under insufficient drainage conditions. The existing equations describing the phenomenon of vertical infiltration under ponded conditions have not considered the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. In this study, simple equations are proposed to describe the horizontal and vertical infiltration under various ponding heads incorporating the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. Six soils with known hydraulic properties, covering a wide range of soil textures, were used. Horizontal and vertical infiltration data are obtained by numerical simulation for all soils studied using the Hydrus-1D code. To validate the accuracy of the proposed equations, the solutions of horizontal and vertical infiltrations provided by the proposed equations were compared with numerically simulated ones provided by the Hydrus 1-D. The analysis of the results showed a very good agreement in all soils studied. The proposed vertical infiltration equation was also compared to a simple and accurate equation which does not incorporate the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow and differences between them were observed in all soils studied.
Highlights
The infiltration process is of great importance in hydrology and agricultural sciences since it provides the water available for plants and groundwater recharge and defines water runoff at soil surface
In agricultural lands ponded conditions may be developed under insufficient drainage and in irrigation practices when irrigation water is applied by flooding the soil surface
The study of infiltration under ponded conditions is of great interest in agricultural lands
Summary
The infiltration process is of great importance in hydrology and agricultural sciences since it provides the water available for plants and groundwater recharge and defines water runoff at soil surface. A rainfall or irrigation intensity greater than soil infiltration capacity will lead to water runoff at the soil surface, causing ponded conditions. In agricultural lands ponded conditions may be developed under insufficient drainage and in irrigation practices when irrigation water is applied by flooding the soil surface. The study of the vertical infiltration under ponding heads is of great interest. The common physical parameters used are the soil sorptivity, S, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks , which are often met as the main parameters of the two-parameter models
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