Infectious complications in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Review of transplant-related risk factors and current state of prophylaxis.

Abstract

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a complex procedure that carries a significant risk of complications. Infections are among the most common of them. Several direct factors such as neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, mucosal barrier injury, and graft-versus-host disease have been shown to be associated with increased infectious risk post-transplant. Apart from direct factors, there are also indirect transplant-related factors that are the primary trigger to the formers' development. The most important of them are type of preparative regimen, graft source, donor type, graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, and graft manipulation techniques. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the role of the transplant-related factors in the development of infectious complications and provide evidence underlying the current concept of infectious disease prophylaxis in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.