Abstract
Summary Understanding pathogen-agrosystem interaction is particularly essential when applying a control method to minimize pathogen prevalence prior to plant infection. To meet this requirement, frequency of major root rot pathogens isolated from bean root and seed, and their soil populations were examined in farmers’ fields. Multivariate analyses evidenced more frequent isolations of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani from root and seed compared to Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Two Fusarium species had denser soil populations than R. solani and M. phaseolina. More frequent isolations of pathogens were detected in root and seed collected from Abhar and Khodabandeh compared to Kheirabad region. Agronomic and soil variables corresponded less closely to root infections compared to soil infestation and seed infections. Bean market class, herbicide application, and planting depth were linked to root, seed and soil infestations. Such information provides a basis for increased confidence in choosing appropriate control strategies for a pathogen and region in sustainable agriculture.
Highlights
Common or dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is considered as an essential legume food crop in Iran where more than 116,000 ha of bean crops are planted annually (Anonymous, 2014)
Our earlier findings based on assessing commercial bean fields demonstrated that the most prevalent of root rot pathogens are: Fusarium solani (Mart.) Saec. f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyd. and Hans, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., and F. oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr
Naseri and Mousavi (2015) examined interrelationships among development of root rots, bean yield and populations of pathogens isolated from root, seed and soil, which revealed that the intensity and spread of bean root rots are linked to high soil populations of R. solani and F. solani (Naseri and Mousavi, 2015)
Summary
Common or dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is considered as an essential legume food crop in Iran where more than 116,000 ha of bean crops are planted annually (Anonymous, 2014). Under various soil and environmental conditions, soil-borne pathogens may infect beans in any possible combination and cause root-rot-disease complexes (Abawi and Pastor Corrales, 1990; Naseri and Hemmati, 2017). Based on our multi-point assessments over the bean growing season (Naseri and Mousavi, 2015), fungal species and experimental sites affected isolations of F. solani, R. solani, M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum from seed, soil and root. Information on association of the region and cropping system with infections of the root, seed and soil by root rot pathogens would assist in identifying the importance of inoculum sources for each pathogen and region under commercial production conditions to improve experimental designs for disease control and sustainable agronomy purposes. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) evaluate the effect of pathogen on frequencies of F. solani, R. solani, M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum isolated from root, seed and soil samples, (2) determine the influence of region on infections of root, seed and soil by the pathogens, and (3) compare the correspondences of pathogens infecting either root, seed or soil with 14 agronomic and soil descriptors
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