INDUSTRY CLUSTER ECONOMY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOURISM)

Abstract

The purpose of study is to study cluster organization of management on example of tourism in context of problem of creating an economy of an industry cluster. The research method is a methodological analysis of problem of creating clusters in Kazakhstan tourism in context of problems of its organization and individualization. Modern tourism has become one of spheres of national economy and traditional business. Tourism has an impact on development of national economy, providing employment and additional jobs. In sectoral structure of national economy, tourism has a strong multiplier effect. Tourism influences development of transport, hospitality industry, public catering, and national crafts. Expanding scope of employment of population, tourism contributes to solving social problems of society, improving standard of living of people, quality of human potential. By developing tourism, country's economy can get not only these positive effects. But also effect of inflow of foreign currency and thus a positive impact on balance of payments and total exports of country. Kazakhstan has a diverse raw material base for development of tourism. The raw material base of tourism is represented by tourist and recreational resources. The development of tourism and contribution to GNP of Kazakhstan is characterized by a low level. Currently, an external factor–COVID-19-has a negative impact. The introduction of sanitary quarantine on a global scale, closure of national borders has led to stagnation of both external and internal tourist flows. As a result, tourism industry is in crisis. The creation of clusters contributes to competitiveness of Kazakhstan's tourism. The role of clusters is to develop partnerships between state and business. In Concept of development of tourism industry of Kazakhstan until 2023 it is expected to create six cultural tourism clusters:Astana - heart of Eurasia,Almaty – free cultural zone of Kazakhstan, Pearl of Altai, Revival of Great Silk Road, the Caspian gates,the Unity of nature and nomadic culture. Building a cluster is not simply a matter of adding up production and services. The tourism cluster creates its own Economy, which has an intersectoral nature of product design, preparation for production of new products.