Abstract
Fast emerging fault current levels in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems has always been a significant obstacle to building a safer and more reliable grid. Inductive fault current limiters (FCLs), compared with its resistive counterpart, are very effective in restricting the fault rising speed that causes major damage during the whole fault process. In this study, a comprehensive review of the methods used for building inductive type FCLs in HVDC systems is presented. The fault current characteristics of the modern HVDC system is discussed to obtain the basic requirements for the FCL. On the basis of different technological domains, various inductive-type FCL topologies and devices are well categorized and analyzed. After the overall discussion and comparison, representative works, as well as new progress and future prospects, are conveyed in detail. One may find the content of this study helpful as a detailed literature review or a practical technical guidance of this field.
Highlights
Due to the rise in global energy consumption in recent decades, the high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has been widely employed for bulk power transmission over long distances [1], [2]
The characteristics of voltage source converters (VSC) based HVDC system fault current are analyzed, which can be used to form the main basis of the performance index for the required fault current limiters (FCLs) devices
Taking account of the performance indexes mentioned at the end of section II, a brief summary is put forward in Table 2 to show these categories of FCLs and discuss their advantages and disadvantages
Summary
Due to the rise in global energy consumption in recent decades, the high voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has been widely employed for bulk power transmission over long distances [1], [2]. Despite the huge benefits offered by the HVDC technology, the major drawback has been fault ride-through capability during direct current (dc) faults due to low dc impedance and the absence of natural zero crossings of fault current These factors make dc fault levels extremely high and rise very fast, thereby posing a threat to the grid [9]–[12]. Considering that a large inductor can present extremely large impedance to system with high frequency component, inductive FCLs, which have developed rapidly in recent years, offer a promising way of solving the fast transient problem of HVDC fault current [11], [12]. The characteristics of VSC based HVDC system fault current are analyzed, which can be used to form the main basis of the performance index for the required FCL devices
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