Induction of Regulatory B-Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Affected by SDF-1α-CXCR7

Abstract

Background/Aims: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties on a diverse array of immune cell lineages, including regulatory T and B cells (Tregs and Bregs, respectively). However, their specific effects and mechanisms underlying induction of Bregs remain unclear. The immune regulatory function of MSCs is exerted through both cell-cell contact and the release of soluble factors. The main objective of this study was to examine the role of the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in the secretory action of MSCs, and potential effects on the immunoregulatory function of these cells. Methods: MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and characterized according to their multilineage differentiation potential and their surface antigen expression. CD19⁺ B cells purified from mice splenocytes were co-cultured with MSCs at various ratios in the presence of LPS and αCD40. After 4 days, intracellular IL-10 production and cell surface CD1d and CD5 expression by CD19⁺ B cells were determined using flow cytometry, and the secretion of IL-10, IL-6, IgM, and IgG were assessed with ELISA. MSCs were treated with different concentrations of stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) stimuli or transiently overexpressed with CXCR7. and their cell viability and immune regulatory effects of MSCs on Bregs were assessed. Results: MSCs induced IL-10-producing regulatory B cells and primarily stimulated the CD1d⁺CD5⁺B cell subset of IL-10⁺Breg cells to express IL-10. IL-10, IL-6, and IgM secretion were additionally induced by MSCs. The CXCR7 pathway was required for MSC viability and the production of paracrine factors under SDF-1α culture condition. Low concentrations of SDF-1α promoted the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs, leading to a further increase in IL-10-producing regulatory B cells and IL-10 secretion. In contrast, high concentrations of SDF-1α inhibited MSCs induction of IL-10⁺Breg cells. Notably, CXCR7 overexpression in MSCs reversed the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of SDF-1α and promoted the immunomodulatory effect of these cells. Conclusion: MSCs induce IL-10⁺Breg cells, which contribute to the generation of an immunosuppressive environment. SDF-1α and its receptor, CXCR7 play important roles in the immunomodulatory function of MSCs by regulating their paracrine actions.