Abstract
The development of large tissue engineered bone remains a challenge in vitro, therefore the use of hybrid-implants might offer a bridge between tissue engineering and dense metal or ceramic implants. Especially the combination of the pseudoelastic implant material Nitinol (NiTi) with adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) opens new opportunities, as ASCs are able to differentiate osteogenically and therefore enhance osseointegration of implants. Due to limited knowledge about the effects of NiTi-structures manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) on ASCs the study started with an evaluation of cytocompatibility followed by the investigation of the use of SLM-generated 3-dimensional NiTi-structures preseeded with ASCs as osteoimplant model. In this study we could demonstrate for the first time that osteogenic differentiation of ASCs can be induced by implant-mediated mechanical stimulation without support of osteogenic cell culture media. By use of an innovative implant design and synthesis via SLM-technique we achieved high rates of vital cells, proper osteogenic differentiation and mechanically loadable NiTi-scaffolds could be achieved.
Highlights
Nitinol (NiTi) is a promising material in the field of innovative bone implants
Habijan examined the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow aspirates on NiTi and found it to be compatible with these cells [6,7]
Basic investigation were performed with an unstructured NiTi slide of 2.5 mm width and 10 mm length without any pores or other surface structures (Fig. 2A and B) beside the roughness created by the laser melting process (Fig. 2C)
Summary
Nitinol (NiTi) is a promising material in the field of innovative bone implants. The stiffness mismatches between implant materials and bone tissue in known to cause implant loosening [4]. The stiffness mismatch between NiTi and bone tissue is smaller than other and reduces tension. The mechanical benefits of NiTi alone do not solve general problems of dense implants like:. – long time for integration of implant in the surrounding bone tissue. – insufficient/inadequate implant integration – need for bone cement or other filling materials – inflammatory reactions. Bruder et al showed that presetteling of ceramic implants with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) leads to faster osseointegration [5]. Habijan examined the behavior of MSCs from bone marrow aspirates on NiTi and found it to be compatible with these cells [6,7]. Harvesting can be done by syringe aspiration without general anesthesia which was shown to be a relatively less traumatic method [10]
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