Induction of novel variants through physical and chemicalmutagenesis in Barbeton daisy (Gerbera jamesonii Hook.)

Abstract

SummaryGerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) is an attractive ornamental flower of high economic importance. The present investigation was aimed at generating novel flower colour variants in the gerbera cultivar ‘Harley’ through physical and chemical mutagenesis. In vitro-raised shoot cultures of gerbera, established from petiole explants, were exposed to different doses of γ-rays (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, or 30.0 Gy) using a Cobalt-60 source emitting 2.51 kGy h–1. To induce mutations through chemical mutagenesis, different concentrations of ethylmethane sulphonate [EMS; 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, or 1.0% (v/v)] were administered for 10 min or for 20 min. The LD50 values calculated for shoot survival and the induction of mutations were approx. 6.5 Gy for γ-rays and 0.65% (v/v) EMS for 10 min, or ≤ 0.1% (v/v) EMS for 20 min. Investigations revealed a negative correlation between mutagen dose and plant survival, both in vitro and after acclimatisation. Morphological variants showing changes in leaf shape, leaf size, scape length, flower diameter, and flower colour were obtained. Significantly, early flowering was induced in all mutated plants compared to non-mutated plants.The high frequencies of colour variants obtained using Bγ-rays, or the application of EMS to in vitro-raised shoot cultures could be an effective way to improve gerbera cultivars.