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Abstract
Gamma radiation radiotherapy is one of the widely used treatments for cancer. There is an accumulating evidence that adaptive immunity is significantly contributes to the efficacy of radiotherapy. This study is carried out to investigate the effect of gamma rays on the interplay between Th1/Th2 response, splenocyte lymphoproliferative response to polyclonal mitogenic activators and lymphocytic capacity to produce IL-12 and IL-10 in mice. Results showed that exposure of intact spleens to different doses of γ-rays (5, 10, 20 Gy) caused spontaneous and dose-dependent immune stimulation manifested by enhanced cell proliferation and elevated IL-12 production with decreased IL-10 release (i.e., Th1 bias). While exposure of splenocytes suspension to different doses of γ-rays (5, 10, 20 Gy) showed activation in splenocytes stimulated by PWM at 5 Gy then a state of conventional immune suppression that is characterized by being dose-dependent and is manifested by decreased cell proliferation and IL-12 release accompanied by increase in IL-10 production (i.e., Th2 bias). In addition, we investigated the exposure of whole murine bodies to different doses of γ-rays and found that the exposure to low dose γ-rays (0.2 Gy) caused a state of immune stimulation terminated by a remarkable tendency for immune suppression. Exposure to 5 or 10 Gy of γ-rays resulted in a state of immune stimulation (Th1 bias), but exposure to 20 Gy showed a standard state of immune suppression (Th2 bias). The results indicated that apparently we can control the immune response by controlling the dose of γ-rays.
Highlights
Ionizing radiation (IR) is the mainstay of cancer therapy (Shen et al, 2014)
Effect of γ-Rays Exposure on Cell Proliferation and Cytokine Production after Irradiation of Intact Spleens Following γ-rays of intact spleens with different doses of γrays, irradiated cells were immediately employed in tissue culture
A dose of 10 Gy γ-rays caused a significant decrease in mitogen-induced cell proliferation as compared to their basal results
Summary
Ionizing radiation (IR) is the mainstay of cancer therapy (Shen et al, 2014). There are several forms of IR, either particulate such as neutrons, α and β-particles or electromagnetic waves as gamma (γ) and x-rays. Gamma and x-rays penetrate body tissues and deposit their energy deep in the body (Mettler and Voelz, 2002). The effect of IR on healthy individuals depends on the dose amount and rate of radiation (Park et al, 2014). Acute exposure to high doses of radiation rapidly leads to major injuries to the immune system and gastrointestinal tract (Moroni et al, 2013). The deleterious effects of radiation are considered to result mainly from direct induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, necrosis, genomic
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