Induction of IP-10 chemokine promoter by measles virus: comparison with interferon- γ shows the use of the same response element but with differential DNA–protein binding profiles

Abstract

Measles virus (MV) and interferon (IFN)- γ induced IP-10 chemokine mRNA in U373 glioblastoma cells. The minimal response element for both MV and IFN- γ was localized between nucleotide −231 and −153 of muIP-10 promoter, which contains an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and the distal NF-κB d site. Mutation of individual elements showed that ISRE and NF-κB d were required to function together. DNA–protein binding profiles with the minimal response element showed that IFN- γ induced a complex consisting of STAT1 while MV induced a complex consisting of p50 and p65 in the absence of new protein synthesis. IFN- γ and MV also induced IRF-1 DNA binding activity which persisted for longer time periods with IFN- γ stimulation. Despite the functional requirement of both ISRE and NF-κB d elements, different combinations of DNA binding factors are used in the induction of IP-10 by MV or IFN- γ.