Abstract
A protocol for the induction of hairy roots on somatic embryos of rhizoclones from Typha domingensis seedlings grown in hydroponic rhizotron systems was established for the first time. Rhizogenesis was induced through the agrotransformation of somatic embryos in oblong and scutellar states of development using the K599, LBA9402, and A4 strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The transfection to the embryos was performed by cocultivation of rhizoclones on a Murashige and Skoog mineral medium at 50% strength (MS0.5), in the dark, at 28 ± 2 °C for 72 h. In contrast to nontransformed embryos that did not exhibit any root tissue, transformed embryos presented hairy roots that varied in number, length, and density depending on the bacterial strain, and K599 was the most effective strain. After analysis via optical microscopy, the transformed embryos were collected and transferred to fresh culture media supplemented with 400 mg mL−1 cefotaxime and 10 mg L−1 ascorbic acid. The efficiency of transformation and survival of the oblong and scutellar embryos were similar among the three bacterial strains. The results show that agrotransformation of somatic embryos of rhizoclones from T. domingensis is a novel and viable strategy for the generation of genetic transformants of Typha that have potential applications in bioremediation technologies.
Highlights
To enhance the phytoremediation capability of Typha domingensis [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], and its eutrophic water receptors [8,9,16], the aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of the agrotransformation and survival of embryos in the oblong and scutellar stage (Figure 1) induced from in vitro rhizoclones grown in hydroponic rhizotron systems of an ecotype of T. domingensis Pers
The genetic transformation of several emergent aquatic macrophytes (EAM) species has been achieved in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species by using the bacterial genus Agrobacterium [3,6], which was later renamed as Rhizobium based on comparative 16S rDNA analyses [17], it is well known that, with exception of T. latifolia reported by Nandakumar et al [18,19], the genetic transformation of the genus Typha remains a challenge because its capacity for transfection includes a narrow range of genotypes, and the utility of the technique is limited by the recalcitrance of many genotypes to regenerate transformed individuals [5,20,21]
Hairy roots on the surface of somatic embryos (SEs) of T. domingensis were successfully induced via agrotransformation of in vitro rhizoclones grown in hydroponic rhizotron systems (Figure 2)
Summary
The treatment of wastewater from water receptor ecosystems by using emergent aquatic macrophytes (EAM) plant species in phytoremediation-based processes is increasing as a result of the plasticity and physiological capacity of such plants to tolerate, accumulate, or remove both organic and inorganic environmental pollutants; this approach has led investigations of the genetic transformation of these species to improve the phytoremediation processes and the ecological recovery of the affected ecosystems [1,2,3,4,5,6] Typically, the plant species used for phytoremediation must be highly capable of adapting to the local environmental conditions of the polluted site, and as a consequence, stable genetic transformants from native species of the impacted sites are preferred [2,6].Plants 2020, 9, 1679; doi:10.3390/plants9121679 www.mdpi.com/journal/plantsto enhance the phytoremediation capability of Typha domingensis [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15], and its eutrophic water receptors [8,9,16], the aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of the agrotransformation and survival of embryos in the oblong and scutellar stage (Figure 1) induced from in vitro rhizoclones grown in hydroponic rhizotron systems of an ecotype of T. domingensis Pers.(cattail). The treatment of wastewater from water receptor ecosystems by using emergent aquatic macrophytes (EAM) plant species in phytoremediation-based processes is increasing as a result of the plasticity and physiological capacity of such plants to tolerate, accumulate, or remove both organic and inorganic environmental pollutants; this approach has led investigations of the genetic transformation of these species to improve the phytoremediation processes and the ecological recovery of the affected ecosystems [1,2,3,4,5,6] Typically, the plant species used for phytoremediation must be highly capable of adapting to the local environmental conditions of the polluted site, and as a consequence, stable genetic transformants from native species of the impacted sites are preferred [2,6]. Mankin et al [24] proposed the disarmed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
