Induction of garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) inflorescence callusogenesis <i>in vitro</i>

Abstract

In order to expand the genetic diversity of winter garlic (Allium sativum L.), the possibility of using in vitro technology to obtain somaclonal variants of a callus culture was studied. The results of the study of the efficiency of inflorescences callusogenesis of winter garlic cultivar ladiator depending on the explant age (7, 14 and 21 days from the moment when inflorescences emerge from the leaf axils) and the combination of the growth regulators (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in concentrations 0,25; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 mg/l and kinetin in concentrations 0,25; 0,5; 1,0 mg/l) are presented. It was found that stepwise sterilization of the material, based on sequential treatment with sterilizing solutions, allows obtaining 92-98% sterile explants. The first signs of the beginning of callusogenesis were observed in early garlic inflorescences on the 35th day of cultivation, and in the inflorescences aged 21 days - on the 50th day. Callus formation from the base of inflorescences was recorded when 0.5; 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin were added to the nutrient medium at the concentrations studied. The most intensive callus formation was detected in 7-day-old explants on the Murashige - Skoog nutrient medium enriched with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L kinetin. The proportion of explants with callus was 94% and 96%, respectively. Callus formation from the base of inflorescences at 14 and 21 days of age using these nutrient media options was observed in 44 and 22% of explants, respectively.