Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are multifunctional immune molecules that respond to bacterial and viral pathogens. In the present study, bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) and chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) were cultured from a Leghorn line (Ghs6) and Fayoumi line (M15.2), which are inbred chicken lines relatively susceptible and resistant to various diseases, respectively. The cells were treated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and, subsequently, mRNA expression of 20 chicken HDPs was analyzed before and after the stimulation. At homeostasis, many genes differed between the chicken lines, with the Fayoumi line having significantly higher expression (p < 0.05) than the Leghorn line: AvBD1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 in BMCs; CATH1, CATH3, and GNLY in CEFs; and AvDB5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 in both BMCs and CEFs. After LPS treatment, the expression of AvBD1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, CATH1, and CATHB1 was significantly upregulated in BMCs, but no genes changed expression in CEFs. After poly(I:C) treatment, AvBD2, 11, 12, 13, CATHB1 and LEAP2 increased in both cell types; CATH2 only increased in BMCs; and AvBD3, 6, 9, 14, CATH1, CATH3, and GNLY only increased in CEFs. In addition, AvBD7, AvBD14, CATH1, CATH2, GNLY, and LEAP2 showed line-specific expression dependent upon cell type (BMC and CEF) and stimulant (LPS and poly(I:C)). The characterization of mRNA expression patterns of chicken HDPs in the present study suggests that their functions may be associated with multiple types of disease resistance in chickens.
Highlights
Thousands of host defense peptides (HDPs), known as antimicrobial peptides, have been identified in various organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals [1,2]
From the regression model on control (non-poly(I:C)-treated and non-treated) groups from the poly(I:C) experimental sets (IFC3, 4, and 5), homeostatic HDP expression levels were mainly affected by line, a few HDP expression levels were affected by time and lipofectamine (Figure S2)
AvBD5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and CATHB1 were higher expressed in both bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) and chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) while AvBD1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 exhibited higher expression in BMCs and CATH1, CATH3, and GNLY exhibited higher expression in CEFs (Figure 2)
Summary
Thousands of host defense peptides (HDPs), known as antimicrobial peptides, have been identified in various organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals [1,2]. HDPs exhibit antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi and viruses by damaging their cell membranes or organelles, or by disrupting their physiological activities [2,3,4]. HDPs of humans, animals and plants may act as signaling molecules in innate immune defense, chemokine induction, chemotaxis, inflammation and wound healing. The primary avian HDPs studied to date are the defensins, cathelicidins, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), and NK-lysin [9,10,11,12,13,14]. Transcripts of AvBDs were first found in leukocytes and bone marrow [20,21] and they have since been reported in immune-related tissues, the respiratory tract, and
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