Abstract
ABSTRACTNewcastle disease virus (NDV) has a devastating impact on poultry production in developing countries. This study examined the transcriptome of tracheal epithelial cells from two inbred chicken lines that differ in NDV susceptibility after challenge with a high-titer inoculum of lentogenic NDV. The Fayoumi line had a significantly lower NDV load postchallenge than the Leghorn line, demonstrating the Fayoumi line's classification as a relatively NDV-resistant breed. Examination of the trachea transcriptome showed a large increase in immune cell infiltration in the trachea in both lines at all times postinfection. The pathways conserved across lines and at all three time points postinfection included iCOS-iCOSL signaling in T helper cells, NF-κB signaling, the role of nuclear factor of activated T cells in the regulation of the immune response, calcium-induced T lymphocyte apoptosis, phospholipase C signaling, and CD28 signaling in T helper cells. Although shared pathways were seen in the Fayoumi and Leghorn lines, each line showed unique responses as well. The downregulation of collagen and the activation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 signaling in the Fayoumis relative to the Leghorns at 2 days postinfection may contribute to the resistance phenotype seen in the Fayoumis. This study provides a further understanding of host-pathogen interactions which could improve vaccine efficacy and, in combination with genome-wide association studies, has the potential to advance strategies for breeding chickens with enhanced resistance to NDV.
Highlights
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a single-stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented paramyxovirus that negatively impacts poultry meat and egg production throughout the world
All strains of NDV are able to replicate in the epithelial cells of the trachea [17], and challenges with either lentogenic or velogenic strains resulted in comparable viral titers in the trachea [18]
To examine the effects of an NDV challenge on the two inbred lines with different resistance, the challenged Fayoumi and Leghorn chickens were inoculated with the La Sota NDV strain, while the nonchallenged chickens were given saline solution as a mock infection
Summary
Newcastle disease is caused by virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a single-stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented paramyxovirus that negatively impacts poultry meat and egg production throughout the world. Other solutions must be found in order to control this disease [1] In these countries, virulent NDV can cause mortality at rates as high as 80% among village flocks [2]. The range of clinical signs in chickens infected with NDV varies depending on the route of infection, environmental factors, host immunity, and the strain of the virus [8]. Previous studies have compared gene expression levels in response to infection with multiple NDV strains and in host tissues measured from quantitative PCR (qPCR) and microarray data and reported different cytokine expression levels dependent on the strain causing the infection [11,12,13,14,15]. All strains of NDV are able to replicate in the epithelial cells of the trachea [17], and challenges with either lentogenic or velogenic strains resulted in comparable viral titers in the trachea [18]
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