Induction of Apoptosis by Acanthaster planci sp., and Diadema setosum sp., Fractions in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line, HeLa.

Gul-E-Saba Chaudhry,Yeong Yik Sung,Nurasniza Aziz,Kamariah Bakar,Murni Islamiah,Muhammad Naveed Zafar,Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad,Jasnizat Saidin

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1365

Abstract

Cancer is an uncontrolled multiplication of cells. The desire efficacy and severe toxicity of current anticancer drugs urge exploring and investigating a better alternative to existing chemotherapeutics. Natural products of marine origin are excellent sources of potential new drugs of enhanced biological activities. Objectives:Thus, the cytotoxic effects along with investigating the mode of cell death exerted by fractions, AP-9, AP-THR, DS-8 and DS-9 fraction of Acanthaster planci, Diadema setosum sp., on the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa. Methods:The cytotoxicity of fractions has determined by using an MTS assay. The early and late apoptosis was studied by using the High content Screening (HCS) instrument. Results:The four fractions produced effective cytotoxicity effects with IC50 values at 72hr of less than 20 μg/ml in the order of AP-9 > DS-9 > APTHR-9 > DS-8. The fraction s exhibited cytotoxicity via mediating apoptotic mode of cell death. The early apoptosis by exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and late apoptosis due to the presence of green stain (DNA fragmentation) in treated cells.Conclusion:The potent bioactive compounds might be responsible for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and, thus, the potential to be a successful candidate for exploring upcoming chemotherapeutic drugs.

Highlights

Cancer is amongst the baneful diseases globally; of the estimated more than 570 000 deaths from cervical cancer every year, more than 84% of these occur in less developed regions (WHO 2019)
Objectives: the cytotoxic effects along with investigating the mode of cell death exerted by fractions, AP-9, AP-THR, DS-8 and DS-9 fraction of Acanthaster planci, Diadema setosum sp., on the human cervical cancer cell line, HeLa
The growth inhibition or cytotoxicity effects of four fractions, AP-9, APTHR-9, DS-8 and DS-9 fractions prepared from Acanthaster planci, Diadema setosum on human cervical cancer HeLa cell line investigated

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is amongst the baneful diseases globally; of the estimated more than 570 000 deaths from cervical cancer every year, more than 84% of these occur in less developed regions (WHO 2019). Cancer is a complex disease that initiates when cells in the body start to grow uncontrolled and abnormal (Chaudhry et al, 2021; Chaudhry et al, 2021). The significant issues of current chemotherapy are low efficacy and severe toxicity, which encourages new findings to identify new potential and safe anticancer agents endowed with improved pharmaco-toxicological properties. In able to do so, emerging natural compounds could be an effective candidate, which plays a vital role in causing less toxicity and improved efficacy (Amin et al, 2009). Agents that induce apoptosis considered as potential anticancer therapeutics (Wu et al, 2015; Lee et al, 2015). Apoptosis is a natural mechanism for death called programmed cell death play a critical role in the growth and developmental process. The cells undergoing apoptosis reveal characteristic features, such as condensation of chromatin material, cytoplasm shrinkage, phosphoserine exposure and DNA fragmentation (Alisonand et al, 1992; Cotter et al, 1990)

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