Abstract
Azadirachta indica A. Juss, popularly known as neem, is a species native to India, belonging to family Meliaceae, considered the most important plant species with insecticidal action. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of growth regulators on induction and growth of neem callus and to observe their viability for embryogenesis through morpho-histological characteristics. In vitro germinated plants were used for excision of nodal explants. These segments were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog culture medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) combined with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) at the following concentrations: 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/l (T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively), for callus induction. At 0 (mass of nodal segments without callus), 20, 40 and 60 days of culture, the percentage of callus formation was observed and the callus weight was measured for each treatment and at the end of the 60 days, consistency, color, and cell histology were evaluated. There was callus formation in all treatments tested. The highest induction of Azadirachta indica A. Juss callus is observed in the presence of 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/l BAP, with callus showing light brown color, friable consistency and rounded cells with intense cell division, typical of cells with potential embryogenic capacity.
Highlights
IntroductionIn its chemical constitution presents a great amount of compounds, limonoids specially, with a range of biological activities
These were inoculated into sterile Petri dishes (10 mm × 15 mm) containing 10 ml of MS culture medium supplemented with 3% sucrose and combined with different 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic) and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) concentrations for callus induction (Table 1), pH adjusted to 5.8, solidified with 0.5% agar and previously autoclaved
Callus formation occurred, and the mass varied according to the time and BAP concentration in the culture medium
Summary
In its chemical constitution presents a great amount of compounds, limonoids specially, with a range of biological activities. Of these components, the most active, and found in larger amounts in seeds is azadirachtin, which has attracted more attention because it presents isolated effects more selective for insects than the neem extract with all compounds together (Bleicher et al, 2007; Neves et al, 2003). The active substances present in neem have fungicidal, bactericidal, nematicidal, medicinal (Barrek et al, 2004) and antioxidant properties (Nahak & Sahu, 2011), as well as antiulcer (Mohapatra et al, 2012) and antidiabetic activities (Patil et al, 2013)
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