Abstract
Geranium plant (Pelargonium graveolens L'Her) is one of the geranium oil producing plants that has many benefits. Callus culture is a technique that can be used to plant multiplication and increase production of secondary metabolites. This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of Benzyl Adenine on the formation of geranium callus from petiole and leaf explants. Callus induction was carried out by culturing petiole and leaf explants on MS medium + 0.1 mg.L-1 NAA + Benzyl Adenine (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5 and 2 mg.L-1). Callus morphological parameters, percentage of callus formation, and time of first callus formation were observed. The formation of geranium callus influenced by the explant type and the concentration of Benzyl Adenine. In the 2nd week, the geranium callus was initiated, light green colored with a compact callus texture. At 4th week, the percentage of callus formation containing NAA 0.1 mg.L-1 of petiole and leaf explants was 20% and 8%, whereas the percentage of callus formation on medium containing 0.1 mg.L-1 NAA combined with 0.5-2 mg.L-1 Benzyl Adenine of petiole and leaf explants was 52-80% and 24-52%. The best percentage of callus formation was found on the culture medium containing 1 mg.L-1 Benzyl Adenine, equaled 80% of petiole explants, and 52% of leaf explants.
Highlights
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her or known by the name Geranium plant is one of the geranium essential oil-producing plants that have many benefits such as cosmetics, perfume and can overcome several health problems [1,2]
This study aims to determine the effect of Benzyl Adenine concentration on callus formation of geranium plants (Pelargonium graveolens L'Her.) from petiole and leaf explants
Geranium callus can be induced from petiole and leaf explants cultured on MS medium with the addition of plant growth regulator Benzyl Adenine (BA) combined with NAA
Summary
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her or known by the name Geranium plant is one of the geranium essential oil-producing plants that have many benefits such as cosmetics, perfume and can overcome several health problems [1,2]. Global geranium oil production is estimated at only 250-300 tons per year, while demand for geranium oil is more than 800 tons per year [3]. Based on this there is an opportunity to increase geranium oil production through callus culture techniques. Callus culture techniques in addition to plant propagation techniques are one of the techniques for the production of secondary metabolites [4]. Callus culture techniques has several advantages such as controlled environmental factors so that it is not influenced by climate, season, pests and plant diseases and can produce secondary metabolites that are more consistent in a shorter period of time [5]
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