Inducing electrocatalytic functionality in ZnO thin film by N doping to realize a third generation uric acid biosensor

Abstract

A third generation uric acid biosensor has been developed by exploiting the electrocatalytic functionality of nitrogen (N) doped zinc oxide (ZnO:N) thin film matrix deposited using pulsed laser deposition technique. The electrochemistry of ZnO:N thin film based electrode is investigated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The obtained results demonstrate that nitrogen doping in ZnO matrix offers a striking electrocatalytic activity to the immobilized uricase towards the oxidation of analyte (uric acid) and promotes the direct transfer of electrons from active sites of enzyme onto the electrode without any mediator. In contrast to pure ZnO, ZnO:N (8% N) thin film based uric acid biosensor gives a high sensitivity of about 1.38mA/mM in the absence of mediator. Moreover, ZnO:N derived bio-electrode exhibits excellent selectivity and outstanding analytical stability and reproducibility, which enables a reliable and sensitive determination of uric acid in the serum. The ZnO:N thin film based biosensor exhibits a linear sensing response in the range from 0 to 1.0mM of uric acid concentration and the apparent Michaelis–Menten kinetic parameter (Km) is estimated to be about 0.13mM which indicates the high affinity of the prepared bio-electrode towards uric acid. The obtained results are encouraging and indicate that the ZnO:N thin film matrix offers a new and promising platform for the development of novel third generation biosensors without using any mediator.