Abstract
ABSTRACT The World Health Organization estimates that 4.3 million deaths globally in 2012 were attributable to household air pollution, of which particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) is a significant contributor. When integrated with a wireless network, low-cost PM measurements potentially provide personalized information on indoor concentrations in real time so that individuals can take action. The objectives of this study were to (1) deploy a network of research-grade instruments and low-cost sensors in a home environment and evaluate the performance, (2) characterize activities and conditions that increase PM concentrations, and (3) identify how these activities affect the PM levels in different rooms of a home. The wireless sensor network included low-cost PM sensors, a gateway, and a database for storing data. Based on the commercially available Dylos DC1100 Pro (Utah Modified Dylos Sensor) and Plantower PMS sensor (AirU), the low-cost sensors were compared to three research-grade instruments—the GRIMM, DustTrak, and MiniVol—in two households in Salt Lake City during summer and winter, with the results suggesting that the low-cost sensors agreed well with the DustTrak. Of the activities, frying food and spraying aerosol products generated the largest increase in PM, both in the room of the activity (the kitchen and bedroom, respectively) and the adjacent rooms. High outdoor PM concentrations during a cold air pool episode also caused indoor levels to rise. In addition, different PM sources triggered different sensor responses. Consequently, obtaining accurate estimates of the mass concentration in an indoor environment, with its wide variety of PM sources, is challenging. However, low-cost PM sensors can be incorporated into an indoor air-quality measurement network to help individuals manage their personal exposure.
Highlights
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4.3 million people die annually from household air pollutant exposure (World Health Organization, 2014), and particulate matter (PM) is one key driver of air pollution’s adverse health effects
Low-cost PM sensors can be incorporated into an indoor air-quality measurement network to help individuals manage their personal exposure
The different activities from the calibration period resulted in a scatter plot with distinct strips, and these strips corresponded to PM2.5 from different sources
Summary
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4.3 million people die annually from household air pollutant exposure (World Health Organization, 2014), and particulate matter (PM) is one key driver of air pollution’s adverse health effects. Numerous studies have measured PM concentration indoors by pulling air through a size-selective inlet and collecting PM on a substrate/filter that is subsequently weighed (Braniš et al, 2005; Fromme et al, 2007; Hering et al, 2007; Fromme et al, 2008; Braniš et al, 2009) or have used passive samplers that rely on particle settling onto a substrate that is subsequently weighed (Amaral et al, 2015; Bo et al, 2017) They can provide accurate, timeresolved, rapid PM measurements, but the cost for these ranges from $5,000 to $20,000, making them too expensive to deploy many instruments in multiple indoor environments or for use in population-based studies
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