Abstract
Field campaigns were conducted to determine indoor emissions of carbonaceous aerosols and other air pollutants from household fuel burning in southwest China. “1-h peak” concentrations of CO, PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were 14.0 ppm, 200, 220, and 260 µg/m3 for wood and 10.3 ppm, 80, 110, and 180 µg/m3 for coal, respectively. Daily average levels of CO, PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were 5.7 ppm, 100, 110, and 160 µg/m3 for wood and 6.0 ppm, 50, 70, and 100 µg/m3 for coal, respectively. For wood and coal, particle size distribution show a prominent Aitken mode with peaks at around 40–80 nm. Emission factors of BC and OC were 0.57 and 2.69 g/kg for wood and 0.01 and 0.31 g/kg for coal, respectively. The total BC emissions from wood and coal (anthracite) burning in China were 63.3 Gg in 2000 and 81.6 Gg in 2005, respectively
Highlights
Around one-half of the world’s population relies on household fuels –such as wood, charcoal, animal dung, crop residues, and coal– for everyday energy needs (Bruce et al, 2000; Smith et al, 2004)
Considering potential application in developing emission inventory and providing source apportionment, we investigated emission factors of carbonaceous aerosols (BC and organic carbon (OC)), roughly estimated indoor contribution to global carbonaceous aerosol burden, and discussed climate implications
Indoor CO and Particulate Matter (PM) Concentrations Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) from the burning of two fuels in sixteen residential households were illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, respectively
Summary
Around one-half of the world’s population relies on household fuels –such as wood, charcoal, animal dung, crop residues, and coal– for everyday energy needs (Bruce et al, 2000; Smith et al, 2004). The shape of the unimodal size distribution for wood and coal burning in our measurements were similar to those for agricultural residue burning in laboratory studies (Zhang et al, 2011). It can be concluded, from our measurements, that smoke particles from the burning of these two fuels were mainly dominated by ultrafine particles (UFP, Dp ≤ 100 nm), which implied a degradation of indoor air quality and a significant threat to human health. It is noteworthy that household fuel burning may be an essential source of ultrafine particles (UFP, Dp ≤ 100 nm), potentially affecting health effects, indoor environment quality, and even regional atmospheric environment
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