Abstract
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of Indonesian propolis gel 5% in Wistar rats alveolar bone, toward malondialdehyde serum levels and osteoblast cells number caused by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
 METHODS: This was an experimental study using the post-test only group design. The samples were 28 male Wistar rats, divided into four groups: G1 (control group) – group without OTM and without propolis, G2 – group without OTM and with propolis, G3 – group with OTM and without propolis, and G4 – group with OTM and with propolis. Propolis available in the form of 5% gel and 30 gf helical spring force of OTM applied. Spring was applied in rat maxilla incisors. OTM treatment was given 17 days, and on day 18, blood samples were taken for the measurement of malondialdehyde levels, then tested using the ELISA test. Variable of osteoblast was calculated histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data of malondialdehyde level and the osteoblast number obtained were tested using one-way ANOVA.
 RESULTS: The result indicated that osteoblast number was higher with propolis application compared to those without propolis in the control group and orthodontic tooth treatment group (G2>G1, 23.97 ± 2.95 vs. 18.63 ± 3.04 and G4>G3, 34.17 ± 5.57 vs. 28.26 ± 2.62) with significant difference (p < 0.05). Propolis application also reduces malondialdehyde serum level when compared to both groups without propolis (control and OTM group) (G2<G1, 1.02 ± 0.18 nmol/ml vs. 1.55 ± 0.24 nmol/ml and G4<G3 1.29 ± 0.22 nmol/ml vs. 1.83 ± 0.21 nmol/ml) and significantly different (p < 0.05). OTM increased the malondialdehyde level compared to the control group, with a significant difference (p < 0.05).
 CONCLUSION: Propolis gel 5% application can reduce malondialdehyde serum level and could increase the number of osteoblast.
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