Abstract
Photoacoustic therapy, using the photoacoustic effect of agents for selectively killing tumor cells, has shown promising for treating tumor. Utilization of high optical absorption probes can help to effectively improve the photoacoustic therapy efficiency. Herein, we report a novel high-absorption photoacoustic probe that is composed of indocyanine green (ICG) and graphene oxide (GO), entitled GO-ICG, for photoacoustic therapy. The attached ICG with narrow absorption spectral profile has strong optical absorption in the infrared region. The absorption spectrum of the GO-ICG solution reveals that the GO-ICG particles exhibited a 10-fold higher absorbance at 780[Formula: see text]nm (its peak absorbance) as compared with GO. Importantly, ICG’s fluorescence is quenched by GO via fluorescence resonance energy transfer. As a result, GO-ICG can high-efficiently convert the absorbed light energy to acoustic wave under pulsed laser irradiation. We further demonstrate that GO-ICG can produce stronger photoacoustic wave than the GO and ICG alone. Moreover, we conjugate this contrast agent with integrin [Formula: see text] mono-clonal antibody to molecularly target the U87-MG human glioblastoma cells for selective tumor cell killing. Finally, our results testify that the photoacoustic therapy efficiency of GO-ICG is higher than the existing photoacoustic therapy agent. Our work demonstrates that GO-ICG is a high-efficiency photoacoustic therapy agent. This novel photoacoustic probe is likely to be an available candidate for tumor therapy.
Highlights
IntroductionPhotoacoustic therapy is an emerging tumor therapy, which uses the photoacoustic e®ects of probe to selectively kill tumor cells with the smallest interactions of normal cells and anti-tumor drug resistance.[1,4] In photoacoustic therapy, photoacoustic probes (or agents) are exposed to a pulsed laser, the light energy absorbed by photoacoustic probes can be converted into acoustic energy based on photoacoustic e®ect.[5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] the magnitude of photoacoustic amplitude can generate a strong shock wave, with peak pressure of 100 Mpa.[15]
The indocyanine green (ICG) was using for enhancing light energy absorption in near-infrared region
We observe that graphene oxide (GO)-ICG have a weak °uorescence intensities (Fig. 2(c))
Summary
Photoacoustic therapy is an emerging tumor therapy, which uses the photoacoustic e®ects of probe to selectively kill tumor cells with the smallest interactions of normal cells and anti-tumor drug resistance.[1,4] In photoacoustic therapy, photoacoustic probes (or agents) are exposed to a pulsed laser, the light energy absorbed by photoacoustic probes can be converted into acoustic energy based on photoacoustic e®ect.[5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] the magnitude of photoacoustic amplitude can generate a strong shock wave, with peak pressure of 100 Mpa.[15]. The use of photoacoustic probes with high absorption can help to improve the therapy e±ciency. The fact that gold nanorods and gold nanoparticles are subjected to laser-induced deformation makes therapy e±ciency fall.[16,17,18] For carbon nanotubes, its absorption coe±cient is relatively low in the near-infrared region. The absorbed light energy partly decays in radioactive channel (°uorescence) This will in°uence the conversion e±ciency of laser to ultrasonic wave (the energy of photoacoustic signal generation only comes from the non-radiative energy). GO-ICG can high-e±ciently convert the absorbed light energy to acoustic waves based on the photoacoustic e®ect. We veried that GO-ICG can produce stronger photoacoustic wave than the GO and ICG alone We conjugate this contrast agent with integrin v 3 mono-clonal antibody (MAb) to molecularly target the U87-MG human glioblastoma cells for selective tumor cell killing. We measured the photoacoustic therapy e±ciency of GO-ICG and GO in vitro
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