Individual entrepreneurship in the modern world: gender aspect

Abstract

Relevance. Our research was devoted to such a field of human activity as individual entrepreneurship. The experience of most countries shows that this activity has developed significantly in recent years. Research on individual entrepreneurship is relevant because it provides a justification for improving this type of activity. The purpose of the study is to evaluate indicators describing the level of individual entrepreneurship in the total number of women and men who are emerging and beginning entrepreneurs in different countries. Materials and methods. The calculations were based on empirical data provided in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring project for fifty-nine countries. Economic and mathematical modeling was based on the development of normal distribution density functions. Results. The study evaluated three indicators describing the gender dimensions of individual entrepreneurship in 59 countries. The average values and ranges of changes in the considered indicators were determined, which are typical for most countries. In addition, national economies were identified that are characterized by high and low values of each of the three indicators. The study showed that there is a gender gap in the values of indicators in most countries. It is proved that the share of women involved in individual entrepreneurship in most countries is higher than that of men. The presence of significant differences in the values of the three indicators under consideration by country is shown. The comparison of the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is carried out. Conclusion. The results obtained are of theoretical and practical significance for governments and entrepreneurs. The methodological approach to assessing gender differences in individual entrepreneurship presented in the article can be used in further research. The new knowledge gained is of interest and can be used in the educational process at universities.