Gender differences in business structures created in the areas of production and transport in 2018

Abstract

Purpose. In recent years, there has been an increase in the role of entrepreneurship in modern national economies. The article is devoted to the actual problem of assessing entrepreneurial activity in four sectors: agricultural production, mining, manufacturing and transport. At the same time, gender differences in entrepreneurial activity by country are considered. Objectives. The author examines the specific weights of entrepreneurs whose firms are specialized in the four above-mentioned types of economic activity, taking into account the existing gender differences, in the total number of women and men entrepreneurs. The study was based on the principles and concepts of differentiation of entrepreneurship by type of economic activity. Methods and data. The research process included five stages. The results of surveys of entrepreneurs conducted in 59 countries during the implementation of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Project were used as initial information in the study. In the course of the study, economic and mathematical modeling was carried out using the density functions of the normal distribution. At the same time, the theoretical basis for the development of such functions for describing probabilistic processes was taken into account. Results. The study solved the problems of evaluating the values of six indicators that characterize firms in agriculture, mining, manufacturing and transport according to data for 2018. In addition, the ratios characterizing the prevalence of specific weights for men and women in each of the countries under consideration were determined. A comparative analysis was carried out, which allowed us to identify the countries that were characterized by the maximum and minimum values of the indicators. The comparison of the values of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is carried out. Conclusions. The study showed that the proportion of women and men who created businesses in the agricultural, mining, manufacturing and transport industries was 17% and 25%, respectively. In 2018, there were gender differences in the specialization of entrepreneurs. The conclusions presented in the article have a significant novelty and originality. They can be used in the activities of public administration bodies, as well as in further research.