Individual Differences in Adaptive Processing in Complex Learning and Cognitive Performance

Abstract

Abstract : Theories of intelligence and learning ability emphasize individual differences in adaptation of information processing during performance on novel, changing tasks, but measures of adaptation have been lacking. This research sought to develop and evaluate such measures in samples of Air Force recruits. Computerized tests of verbal and spatial reasoning and of spatial-perceptual- motor performance were designed to provide scores reflecting raw and residualized differences between performance in homogeneous versus heterogeneous tasks. Reference tests represented conventional ability constructs. A complex learning task based on logic gates in electronics yielded criterion scores. Reliabilities of adaptation indices were moderate but within acceptable ranges. Low but significant correlations were obtained between some adaptation scores and some learning indices. Apparently, adaptation estimates can make a small but unique contribution to learning prediction. The research suggested further steps toward instrument improvement that seem clearly justifiable on both theoretical and practical grounds. Individual differences, Adaptive processing, Flexibility, learning, Complex cognitive abilities, Dynamic spatial abilities.