Abstract
Usually in nuclear physics the minimum of the liquid drop model (LDM) energy for synthesis of superheavy nuclei or cluster decay modes occurs at a mass asymmetry which is different from the minimum of shell correction. Three examples are given: potential energy surfaces of 300120; a table showing the magic numbers of target nuclei used to produce superheavies at GSI and RIKEN and a table of magic numbers of daughter for identified cluster emitters. On the other hand, charged metallic clusters are ideal emitters of singly ionized trimers because both LDM and shell correction reach a minimum for the same mass asymmetry corresponding to the emission of a charged particle with two delocalized electrons; for example, the fission of alkali (Cs, K, Na and Li) clusters with 146 atoms and an excess charge z = 6. Calculations of Q2-values for Cs, Na, Au and Cu atomic clusters multiply ionized (z = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and spheroidally deformed prove that large dissociation energy is obtained for metallic clusters with high surface tension and low Wigner–Seitz radius (transition metals).
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