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Abstract
Abstract External metal-ITO (indium tin oxide) contacts on solar cells have been found to be highly resistive. These high resistance values represent an intrinsic limitation of the contacts due to physico-chemical interactions at the interface. The contact resistivity R c for silver contacts on 10 Ω/□ ITO is 3.55 × 10 −2 Ω cm 2 and increases to 4.9 × 10 −1 Ω cm 2 for 450 Ω/□ ITO . Similar results are obtained for chromium and aluminium contacts. Such high R c values are shown to result in significant additional losses in solar cell performance, particularly for external contacts of small size.
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