INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS ON MUTANTS OF Agave tequilana WEBER CULTIVAR BLUE INDUCED WITH CO60 GAMMA RAYS

Alejandro Angeles Espino,Gil Virgen Calleros,Eduardo Rodríguez Guzmán,Alberto J Valencia Botín,Carlos Ramírez Serrano,Enrique Pimienta Barrios

doi:10.56369/tsaes.3216

Alejandro Angeles Espino, Gil Virgen Calleros + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.3216

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Abstract

Background: Blue agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. azul), it is commonly known as “Agave azul or agave tequilero”. The Agave crop is fundamental part of the productive chain Agave-Tequila, since is the distinctive source of reducing sugars for the elaboration of the liqueur known as Tequila, according with the Appellation of Origen Tequila to fulfill the National Normativity (NOM-). Besides, Tequila is the most spirit drink exported from Mexico worldwide. According with the latest evaluation over this crop, the susceptibility to pathogens generate in cases total lost of the agave fields. Objective. to achieve somatic embryos that could be resistant, generated from plantlets irradiated with Co60gamma rays; which were obtained from axillary buds. Methodology: The arisen of embryo was reached in the modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with of 2,4-D combined with BA or KIN. The plantlets were radiated 12 weeks after the somatic embryo induction with Co60 gamma rays. The doses were 0 (test control), 10, 20 and 30 Gy. Results: There was a significant difference in the induction of embryonic callus, development and mature somatic embryos, which were reduced as the doses of radiation increases. Since only somatic embryos were achieved in tissues treated with 10 and 20 Gy doses, in higher doses induction of embryonic callus was inhibited. The regression confirmed the negative results with the increase of radiation. Implications: There were made protocols to achieve somatic embryos and plants from tissues irradiated with 10 and 20 Gy. Conclusions: The radiation effect over somatic tissue was crucial as the doses affect the conversion into plantlets, nevertheless such radiation allowed the conversion of the embryos to complete agave plantlets

Highlights

This result has shown the proportionally effect of the absorbed radiation by the somatic tissue, which are detailed below according to the statistical analysis that were made
The results have shown an induction of wide genetic variation which was achieved by the effect of the radiation absorbed by the tissue, where were arisen mutations that have altered heredity of DNA since the lacking expression of those genes responsibly of the somatic embryogenesis according to Yao, et al (1993)
According to the results achieved, indirect somatic embryogenesis process is demonstrated in all steps, which is a protocol to get agave plantlets from irradiated micropropagated plantlets

Summary

Introduction

The crop of Tequila’s blue agave (Agave tequilana Weber var. Azul) has a great economic and social importance due to the plant fields in the zone of Appellation of Origin Tequila (DOT for its initials in Spanish). The same author assures that the conventional genetic improvement in Agave tequilana make complications since reproductive flowering and seed structure, polyploidy, life cycle from 6 to 12 years, short time of blooming and difficulties for breeding manipulation. This give an opportunity to apply biotechnology tools as the plant tissue in vitro culture, somatic embryogenesis method joined with manipulation of the actual genetic variability, in order to reach massive propagation protocols of desirable blue agaves, with better agronomic and industrial gains

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